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<!--Generated by Squarespace V5 Site Server v5.13.156 (http://www.squarespace.com) on Mon, 20 May 2013 06:08:14 GMT--><rss xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="2.0"><channel><title>The Fourandsix Blog</title><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/</link><description>Musings on photo manipulation and iimage forensics.</description><lastBuildDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 13:43:10 +0000</lastBuildDate><copyright>Copyright (C) 2011, Fourandsix Technologies, Inc.</copyright><language>en-US</language><generator>Squarespace V5 Site Server v5.13.156 (http://www.squarespace.com)</generator><item><title>World Press Photo Contest: The Importance of Restraint</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><category>Truthful photo editing</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2013 19:35:30 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/5/14/world-press-photo-contest-the-importance-of-restraint.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33715395</guid><description><![CDATA[This week, a controversy regarding this year&#8217;s winner of the World Press Photo contest came to a head. Since the contest winner was announced earlier this year, there have been concerns that the photo looked a little too unreal and even cinematic to be an authentic photo. Those concerns reached a new level this week when the Hacker Factor blog posted evidence which it claimed showed that the award-winning photo was in fact a composite of multiple images. After this claim blew up further on the Extreme Tech website, Fourandsix was enlisted by World Press Photo to help settle the issue. We provided our own analysis refuting the other evidence, and demonstrating that the photo is not a composite but rather a single photo to which adjustments have been applied to selective regions.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33715395.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Forensics from Ears</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 14 May 2013 13:01:00 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/5/14/photo-forensics-from-ears.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33261433</guid><description><![CDATA[I was recently talking to my friend and colleague Prof. Michael Black about a seemingly unlikely image of President Obama and Vice President Biden putting on the White House lawn. We were discussing how a shadow and lighting analysis could be applied to this image to determine if it is fake. Michael made the clever observation that the President&#8217;s left ear provides further information about the lighting in the scene.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33261433.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Forensics from Optical Flare</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2013 13:00:21 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/5/7/photo-forensics-from-optical-flare.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33431738</guid><description><![CDATA[A while back I described how optical flare is sometimes misinterpreted as evidence of other-worldly beings. Optical flare occurs when stray light enters the camera and is scattered throughout the optical train before striking the camera sensor. In addition to creating cool visual effects, optical flare can be used to determine the location of the light in the image.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33431738.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Creating and Finding Catzilla</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 13:00:46 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/4/30/creating-and-finding-catzilla.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33259800</guid><description><![CDATA[To create a convincing composite, it is often necessary to stretch or rotate portions of an image. For example, when creating a photo of a giant hog, cat, rabbit, fish, etc., the critter may be resized in order to exaggerate its size. This process introduces specific correlations in the image. Because these correlations are unlikely to occur naturally, their presence can be used to detect this specific type of manipulation.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33259800.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>On the Wisdom of the Crowd</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 13:00:55 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/4/22/on-the-wisdom-of-the-crowd.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33413111</guid><description><![CDATA[The events in Boston last week were both dramatic and disturbing, with a plot that seemed straight out of the screenplay for a Hollywood blockbuster. The role that social media played in the proceedings is in some ways unprecedented, though hardly surprising. The efforts of various online communities assisted in bringing the crisis to a quick conclusion, but they also contributed to damaging misinformation. In light of the critical importance of crowd-sourced photos and videos to this investigation, it&#8217;s worth commenting on the future implications for photo authenticity.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33413111.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Conspiracies and the Persistence of Belief</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2013 13:00:30 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/4/16/conspiracies-and-the-persistence-of-belief.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33261810</guid><description><![CDATA[I was recently asked by a media organization to analyze and comment on the authenticity of President Obama&#8217;s birth certificate &#8212; some stories just don&#8217;t seem to every go away. Over the years I&#8217;ve been asked many times to perform such an analysis and/or comment on the purported evidence of fakery. I have repeatedly demurred because it has been my experience that facts have no place in a good conspiracy.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33261810.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Postcards from China: Wish You Were Here</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 09 Apr 2013 13:01:01 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/4/9/postcards-from-china-wish-you-were-here.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33253970</guid><description><![CDATA[My last blog post touched on the use of Photoshop by the North Korean and Iranian governments to puff up their military might. This week, I&#8217;d like to contrast the digital manipulation practiced by those governments with China, a country that seems to have a differerent kind of Photoshop fixation. Whereas North Korea and Iran often enlist Photoshop for a kind of photographic chest thumping, the most notable examples of photo-manipulation coming from China seem to revolve around putting local government officials in places or positions that they never actually went.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33253970.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>The Pixel Arms Race</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 2013 13:01:02 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/4/2/the-pixel-arms-race.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33167731</guid><description><![CDATA[Over the past few years, it almost seems as if Iran and North Korea are in a virtual arms race. The competition centers on who can produce the more outrageously doctored photo showcasing their supposed military might. Of course, the most notorious example of this is the Iranian missile photo that makes multiple appearances in our Photo Tampering Gallery. The most recent example, however, comes from North Korea. As was revealed by Alan Taylor at The Atlantic last week, a photo released by the Korean Central News Agency that purports to show a squadron of hovercraft involved in a military exercise appears to have been manipulated to increase the number of hovercraft. As with the Iranian missile photo, this incident illustrates how easy it can be to identify sloppily cloned image elements when armed with a sharp eye and a copy of Photoshop. But what about work that&#8217;s not quite so sloppy?
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33167731.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Two-Thirds Of Your Pixels Are Fake</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 Mar 2013 13:00:42 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/3/26/two-thirds-of-your-pixels-are-fake.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33094430</guid><description><![CDATA[Most digital cameras capture color images using a single sensor and an array of color filters. As a result, only one-third of the samples in a color image are captured by the camera. The other two-thirds are computed by the camera software — a process known as color filter array (CFA) interpolation or demosaicking. This interpolation introduces specific patterns of correlation in a digital image. Disruptions of these patterns can therefore be used to detect and localize tampering in an image.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33094430.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Benford's Law (and why you shouldn't cheat on your taxes)</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 Mar 2013 13:00:28 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/3/19/benfords-law-and-why-you-shouldnt-cheat-on-your-taxes.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:33046585</guid><description><![CDATA[Over a hundred years ago, Simon Newcomb observed a surprising pattern in the distribution of the leading digits in logarithm tables: the digit 1 is significantly more likely to occur than the digit 2, which is more likely to occur than the digit 3, and so on. More than fifty years later, Frank Benford rediscovered this same pattern in more data sets such as the stock market, census data, accounting data, and more. Because fabricated data tends not to follow this same pattern, this phenomenological law has been used to detect accounting, tax, and scientific fraud. More recently, this law has been applied to detect various forms of image tampering.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-33046585.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>A Computer Generated Woman: as good as the real thing?</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 12 Mar 2013 13:00:28 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/3/12/a-computer-generated-woman-as-good-as-the-real-thing.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32949062</guid><description><![CDATA[Advances in computer graphics, computing hardware, and raw artistic talent are leading to images that continually push the boundary of photo-realistic rendering. Even the most cutting edge images, however, are still limited with respect to their photo-realism.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32949062.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Seeing the Invisible in Video</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2013 14:00:28 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/3/5/seeing-the-invisible-in-video.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32901748</guid><description><![CDATA[The same MIT researchers that brought us &#8220;Seeing Behind the Camera&#8221; now bring us an amazing new video analysis tool. The tool, termed Eulerian Video Magnification, amplifies tiny modulations in a video allowing you to see things in the video that are otherwise invisible under normal viewing.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32901748.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Wiggle Your Measurements</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 Feb 2013 14:00:36 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/2/26/wiggle-your-measurements.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32840421</guid><description><![CDATA[Measurements made in an image are inherently noisy. This is due to limited resolution, compression artifacts, lens distortion, etc. In some cases these errors will have only a small effect on your analysis. In other cases, these errors can effectively render your analysis useless. It is important, therefore, to take these errors into consideration.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32840421.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Image Noise: bad for consumers, good for forensics</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 14:00:50 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/2/19/image-noise-bad-for-consumers-good-for-forensics.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32811096</guid><description><![CDATA[All cameras introduce varying degrees of imperfections. While these imperfections are undesirable for the consumer, they can be highly informative in an image forensic setting. Sensor imperfections, thermal effects, compression, etc. each introduce noise in the image. This noise manifests itself as slight variations in the recorded intensities of light. If a portion of an image is altered then it is likely that the underlying noise pattern will be disrupted. Differences in the noise pattern can therefore be used to detect and localize image tampering.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32811096.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Video Stabilization: Fast, Free, and Effective</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 12 Feb 2013 14:00:42 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/2/12/video-stabilization-fast-free-and-effective.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32744096</guid><description><![CDATA[While visiting Georgia Tech. recently I had the chance to chat with an old friend and colleague, Professor Irfan Essa. He and one of his graduate students, Matthias Grundmann, showed me an impressive new video stabilization algorithm. This algorithm takes as input any hand-held video, automatically estimates the camera motion, and generates a stabilized video.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32744096.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Technology + Journalism = Chaos</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 05 Feb 2013 14:00:40 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/2/5/technology-journalism-chaos.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32739715</guid><description><![CDATA[Last week I attended and spoke at the Computation + Journalism Symposium. This venue brought together technologists and journalists to discuss the role of technology in journalism and its impact on the future of journalism. By my count, there were four main themes that emerged from this two day event.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32739715.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Forensics from Shiny Objects</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2013 14:00:21 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/1/29/photo-forensics-from-shiny-objects.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32568038</guid><description><![CDATA[As I was walking to get lunch the other day, the top of a parking meter caught my attention (I&#8217;m weird, I know). It caught my attention because of the way that the highlight on the top of the meter moved as I walked past it. The highlight moved, of course, because the relative position between me, the meter, and the sun was changing. At the same time, the overall shading on the meter stayed the same. It struck me that the highlight and shading can each be used to reason about the location of the light source. It also struck me that digitally editing an object with a highlight could be tricky because it would be hard to make sure that the highlight, shading, and shadows are all physically consistent.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32568038.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Who Took That Picture? (Or at least, how tall was the photographer?)</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 14:00:34 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/1/22/who-took-that-picture-or-at-least-how-tall-was-the-photograp.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32515331</guid><description><![CDATA[I was recently asked to help determine the provenance of several photos. What is not in dispute in this case is that the photos, dating back several decades, were taken at a historical event. What is in dispute is who took the photos. Two photographers, each of whom were at the event, claim to have been the person behind the camera. To further complicate this dispute, the photographers’ cameras are no longer available, and only prints from the original 35mm negatives are available. As I was sketching some ideas on how to determine who took the photos, I realized that under the right conditions, we can infer the height of the photographer from information only in a photo.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32515331.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>The Case of the Russian Dash Cam</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2013 14:00:20 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/1/15/the-case-of-the-russian-dash-cam.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32294810</guid><description><![CDATA[Videos from Russian dash cams have become a bit of a sensation. After our analysis of the baby-snatching eagle, we were asked by a reader to analyze a particularly shocking video (WARNING: video depicts a violent accident). After its release, the video sparked a vigorous debate regarding its authenticity.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32294810.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Of Pelosi and Photoshop: Does Context Matter?</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2013 14:00:57 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2013/1/7/of-pelosi-and-photoshop-does-context-matter.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32452274</guid><description><![CDATA[This past Friday, a controversy erupted over a photo distributed by the office of Nancy Pelosi depicting the 62 democratic congresswomen of the 113th U.S. Congress standing on the steps of the Capitol building. The photo was sent to the press as well as posted to Pelosi&#8217;s photo stream on Flickr. The controversy erupted because it soon came to light that four of the congresswomen pictured were actually added to the group photo in post-production using Photoshop. Some members of the public were deeply offended that the picture had been modified, and some members of the press went so far as to label the photo government &#8220;propaganda.&#8221; Personally, though, I have to admit that I was surprised by the controversy. In my opinion, this photo was clearly a staged arrangement of people rather than a spontaneous historical event. Should it matter how much of that staging happened in person versus in the computer?
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32452274.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Tampering 2012: The Year in Review</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2012 14:00:44 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/12/31/photo-tampering-2012-the-year-in-review.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32298146</guid><description><![CDATA[We just completed the final update to our Photo Tampering Gallery for 2012, so now seems like a good time to take a look at the past year and comment on any trends we&#8217;ve seen in the misuse of digital editing.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32298146.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>The Baby-Snatching Eagle: Real or Fake?</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 19 Dec 2012 18:55:20 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/12/19/the-baby-snatching-eagle-real-or-fake.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:32102670</guid><description><![CDATA[A video purportedly showing an eagle swooping down and snatching a baby has gone viral. Given how unlikely the video seems, there is a vigorous debate about its authenticity. We performed a forensic lighting analysis on this video to determine if it is real or fake.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-32102670.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photographic Memories</title><category>Photo manipulation in the news</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2012 14:00:45 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/12/18/photographic-memories.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:31014831</guid><description><![CDATA[Over the past year and a half Kevin and I have been writing on a variety of issues related to image manipulation and authentication. Beyond the ethical, legal, and economic implications of image tampering, recent studies suggest that doctored images can have an impact on our memories of past events, and our perceptions of future events.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-31014831.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>The Case of the Pole in the Middle of the Road</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 11 Dec 2012 14:00:15 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/12/11/the-case-of-the-pole-in-the-middle-of-the-road.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:31247670</guid><description><![CDATA[I recently stumbled upon a bizarre and seemingly improbable image showing a utility pole in the middle of Highway 251 east of Montreal Canada. I don’t mean a downed utility pole; I mean, an upright and functioning utility pole placed directly in the middle of a highway. At first glance, it seemed likely that this was a photo hoax, particularly since the pole’s shadow appears to either be missing or impossibly small.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-31247670.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Forensics from Flash Photography (part 3/3)</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 04 Dec 2012 14:00:51 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/12/4/photo-forensics-from-flash-photography-part-33.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:31014856</guid><description><![CDATA[In part 1 and part 2 of this series I described how differences in the location of the built-in camera flash can provide useful information in the forensic analysis of an image. Specifically, I described how we can determine if cast shadows are consistent with the location of the camera flash. Here I will describe another aspect of flashes that can be informative.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-31014856.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>FourMatch image authentication now in a web-based demo version</title><category>FourMatch</category><dc:creator>Kevin Connor</dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2012 00:03:34 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/11/28/fourmatch-image-authentication-now-in-a-web-based-demo-versi.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:31438417</guid><description><![CDATA[Since introducing FourMatch this past September, we&#8217;ve had lots of requests for a trial version. It&#8217;s not surprising that customers might want to take an $890 application for a spin before making a purchase decision. Well, now we finally have a good solution to this problem, and it&#8217;s even easier than downloading a trial. We&#8217;ve created a web-based version of FourMatch that looks and behaves (almost) just like the full Photoshop extension. You can try it out for free using a set of demonstration images we provide, or, for $20, you can purchase a code that will allow you to use it for 30 days with up to 30 of your own images. Plus, if you later decide to buy the product, you can apply that $20 to your purchase, so it won&#8217;t cost you any more to try it first.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-31438417.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Forensics from Flash Photography (part 2/3)</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 2012 14:00:07 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/11/27/photo-forensics-from-flash-photography-part-23.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:30896678</guid><description><![CDATA[Last week I described how differences in the location of the built-in camera flash can provide useful information in the forensic analysis of an image. The basic insight behind this authentication technique is that the location of the flash affects the shadows cast onto a wall or ground plane. Here I will describe how these effects can be quantified and how we can determine if a shadow cast by a flash is physically consistent with a specific camera model.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-30896678.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Photo Forensics from Flash Photography (part 1/3)</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 20 Nov 2012 14:01:14 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/11/20/photo-forensics-from-flash-photography-part-13.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:30362933</guid><description><![CDATA[The inclusion of a built-in flash in point-and-shoot cameras and mobile devices is, in my opinion, one of the worst things that happened to photography. The flash leads to harsh and unattractive lighting and shadows, and usually does more harm than good. In a forensic setting, however, these built-in flashes can be quite informative.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-30362933.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Forensic Analysis of Digital Audio: The Cocktail Party Effect</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 13 Nov 2012 14:00:38 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/11/13/forensic-analysis-of-digital-audio-the-cocktail-party-effect.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:29742164</guid><description><![CDATA[As I was writing my previous post on the forensic analysis of audio, it reminded me of a very cool audio enhancement technique. Imagine yourself at a cocktail party. It is crowded, loud, and you are talking with someone standing directly in front of you. Although you are subjected to a medley of complex and distracting sounds, you have the remarkable ability to largely tune out those noises and focus on just one source &#8212; the person in front of you. The separation of sounds into their individual components is known as the cocktail party problem, and there are some powerful techniques that can automatically separate a complex mixture of sounds into their individual components.
]]></description><wfw:commentRss>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/rss-comments-entry-29742164.xml</wfw:commentRss></item><item><title>Reflections on Hurricane Sandy</title><category>Forensic techniques</category><dc:creator>Hany Farid</dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2012 14:00:25 +0000</pubDate><link>http://www.fourandsix.com/blog/2012/11/6/reflections-on-hurricane-sandy.html</link><guid isPermaLink="false">905879:10587778:30174754</guid><description><![CDATA[As Kevin described in his last post, Hurricane Sandy unleashed a slew of fake photos. Media outlets, and the public in general, have been scrambling to sort out the real from the fake. What made this situation more complex was that the real photos seemed as unlikely as the fake. The images from lower Manhattan, showing unimaginable flooding, were particularly striking. Here I will describe the application of a forensic technique for analyzing these types of flooding images.
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